Pharm. D. Syllabus (Hamdard University) : Pharm. D. 2nd Prof. 2nd Semester

Pharm. D. Second Professional

Second Semester

Pharmaceutics

Pharmaceutical Microbiology – II (Theory)

PHT-402                                                                                                                      Cr. Hrs. 3

1.      Industrial Microbiology

1.1.  Sterilization/Disinfection

1.1.1.  Methods of Sterilization and Disinfection.

1.1.2.  Mechanism of Killing

1.1.3.  Kinetics of death of micro-organism

1.1.4.  Evaluation of Sterilization and Disinfection procedures.

1.2.  Fermentation

1.2.1.  Fermentation and respiration

1.2.2.  Ranges of fermentation

1.2.3.  Parameters of fermentation

1.2.4.  Selection of a suitable medium

1.2.5.  Isolation and recovery

1.2.6.  Kinetics of microbial growth

1.2.7.  Continuous culture application in fermentation

1.2.8.  Pharmaceutical products produced by fermentation process:

1.2.8.1.    Penicillins

1.2.8.2.    Cepalosporins

1.2.8.3.    Gentamycin

1.2.8.4.    Erythromycin

1.2.8.5.    Tetracyclines

1.2.8.6.    Rifamycin

1.2.8.7.    Griseofulvin

2.      Antibiotics

2.1.  Definitions

2.2.  Classification of Antibiotics

2.3.  Mode of Actions

2.4.  Antimicrobial Spectrum and side effects of different groups of antibiotics

3.      Biologicals

3.1.  Vaccines: Introduction and aims

3.1.1.     Classification of vaccines

3.1.2.     Production of vaccines and antisera.

3.1.3.     DNA recombinant technology for preparing vaccines

3.2.  Hormones and other biologicals.

3.3.  Pyrogen, sterility and toxicity tests.

4.      Factory And Hospital Hygiene And Good Manufacturing Practice

4.1.  Introduction

4.2.  Control of Microbial contamination during manufacture

4.3.  Manufacture of Sterile products

4.4.  The Guide to Current Good Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Practices

Pharmaceutics

Physical Pharmacy (Theory)

PHT-404                                                                                                                      Cr. Hrs. 3

1.      Dispersion

1.1.  Colloids:

1.1.1.  Types

1.1.2.  Methods of preparation

1.1.3.  Properties (optional, kinetic, electrical)

1.1.4.  Dialysis and artificial kidney

1.1.5.  Stability of colloids

1.1.6.  Protection and sensitization phenomenon

1.1.7.  Application of colloids in Pharmacy.

1.2.  Emulsions:

1.2.1.  Types

1.2.2.  Theories of emulsification

1.2.3.  Emulsifying agents

1.2.3.1.    Classification

1.2.4.  Stability of emulsion.

1.3.  Suspensions:

1.3.1.  Types

1.3.2.  Methods of Preparation

1.3.3.  Properties

1.3.4.  Suspending agents

1.3.4.1.    Classification

1.3.5.  Stability.

1.4.  Adsorption:

1.4.1.  Techniques and processes of adsorption in detail,

2.      Rheology:

2.1.  Definition and Fundamental concept

2.2.  Properties contributing to rheological behaviour.

2.3.  Graphic presentation of rheological data.

3.      Rate and order of reactions

4.      Kinetic principles and stability testing:

4.1.  Theoretic considerations

4.2.  Degradation:

4.2.1.     Physical Factors:

4.2.1.1.          Influence of:

4.2.1.1.1.    pH,

4.2.1.1.2.    Temperature

4.2.1.1.3.    Ionic strength

4.2.1.1.4.    Acid-base catalysis

4.2.1.1.5.    U.V. light

4.2.2.     Chemical Factors:

4.2.2.1.          Complex chemical reactions

4.2.2.2.          Oxidation-reduction

4.2.2.3.          Hydrolysis

Pharmacognosy

General Pharmacognosy (Lab)

PHG-406                                                                                                                      Cr. Hrs. 2

Note: Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the theoretical topics and availability of the facilities

1.      Introduction of the entire and broken parts of the plant drugs (Macro and organoleptic characters)

2.      Microscopic examination of powders and sections of plant drugs.

Pharmacology

Pakistan Studies (Theory)

PHL-408                                                                                                                      Cr. Hrs. 3

As Per syllabi of B.A/B.Sc. Classes; Approved by the respective University.

Pharmacology

Pathology (Theory)

PHL-410                                                                                                                      Cr. Hrs. 3

1.      Scope of Pathology & Concept of Diseases

2.      Definition and Terminologies

3.      Response Of Body To Injury And Infection:

3.1.  Acute inflammation

3.2.  Chronic inflammation

3.3.  Immunity

3.4.  Allergy

3.5.  Hyper Sensitivity

4.      Specific:

4.1.  Ulcer: Peptic, Duodenal

4.2.  Hypertension

4.3.  Leukemia or Blood Cancer: Malignant Carcinoma, Sarcoma & Lymphomas

4.4.  Diagnosis and treatment of Cancer in general; Fate, survival and prognosis with tumors

Pharmacology

Pathology (Lab)

PHL-412                                                                                                                      Cr. Hrs. 2

1.      Study of Pathological Slides of various Pathological Conditions.

1.1.     Acute Inflammation

1.2.     Chronic inflammation

1.3.     Chronic specific inflammation

1.4.     Different types of Degeneration

1.5.     Thrombosis

1.6.     Embolism

1.7.     Infarction

1.8.     Necrosis

1.9.     Gangrene

1.10. Hyperplasia

1.11. Metaplasia

1.12. Pigmentation

1.13. Calcification

1.14. C.V.C.

1.15. Papiloma

1.16. Adenoma

1.17. Chondroma

1.18. Fibroma

1.19. Leomyoma

1.20. Neofibroma

1.21. Sq. Cell Carcinoma

1.22.               Basal Cell Carcinoma

1.23. Transitional Cell Carcinoma

1.24. Adenocarcinoma

1.25. Fibrocarcinoma

1.26. Rhadomyosarcoma

1.27. Leomyosarcoma

1.28. Lymphosarcoma

1.29. Liposarcoma

1.30. Reticular Cell Sarcoma

1.31. Hodgkins disease

1.32. Breast Carcinoma

1.33. Osteogenic sarcoma

1.34. Osteoclastoma

2.      Examination of different body fluids in various Pathological Conditions.

2.1.     Urine complete Examination

2.2.     Stool Examination

2.3.     Blood Complete Examination

2.4.     Semen Examination

2.5.     Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination

2.6.     Pericardial fluid examination

2.7.     Pleural Fluid Examination

2.8.     Ascitic Fluid Examination

2.9.     Blood Sugar

2.10. Blood Urea

2.11. Blood Cholesterol etc.

3.      Tests for various Specimens of Clinical Importance

3.1.     Techniques of Clinical Blood Examination for various diseases

3.2.     Gastric Analysis

3.3.     Tests for liver function test

3.4.     Renal function test

3.5.     Tests for endocrine abnormalities

3.6.     Biopsies and cytologic techniques

Pharmacology

Systemic Pharmacology – I (Theory)

PHL-414                                                                                                                      Cr. Hrs. 3

1.      Drugs Acting On Gastro Intestinal Tract

1.1.  Emetic

1.2.  Antiemetics

1.3.  Purgatives

1.3.1.     Bulk forming purgatives

1.3.2.     Lubricant purgatives

1.3.3.     Irritant purgatives

1.4.  Antidiarrheal Agents.

1.5.  Treatment of Peptic & Duodenal Ulcers

1.5.1.     Antacids

1.5.2.     H₂-Receptor Antagonists

1.5.3.     Antimuscarinic Agents

1.5.4.     Proton Pump Inhibitors

1.5.5.     Gastrin Receptor Antagonist

1.5.6.     Cytoprotective agents.

1.6.  Drug treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of bowel.

1.7.  Drugs affecting bile flow and Cholelithiasis.

2.      Autocoids And Their Antagonists

2.1.  Histamine and Antihistamines

2.2.  Serotonin and Serotonin Antagonists

2.3.  Prostaglandins & Other Eicosanoids

2.4.  Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti-inflammatory drugs, Anti-rheumatics, Drug treatment of Gout.

3.      Drugs Acting On Respiratory System

3.1.  Drugs used for cough

3.1.1.     Antitussives

3.1.2.     Expectorants

3.1.3.     Mucolytic Agents

3.2.  Drug used for Bronchial Asthma

3.2.1.     Bronchodilators

3.2.2.     Prophylactic agents

3.2.3.     Corticosteroids & other Anti-inflammatory drugs-

3.2.4.     Muscarinic receptor antagonists (Ipratropium)

4.      Drugs Acting On Cardiovascular System

4.1.  Anti hypertensives

4.2.  Angina pectorus and its drug treatment

4.3.  Congestive heart failure & its treatment.

4.4.  Antiarrhythmic drugs

4.5.  Agents used in Hyperlipidemia

4.6.   Coagulants and Anticoagulants

4.7.  Diuretics

5.      Hemitinics (Anti-Anaemic Drugs)