Pharm. D. Third Professional
First Semester
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Instrumentation and Analysis – I (Theory)
PHC-501 Cr. Hrs. 3
1. Chemical Methods
1.1. Titrimetric Methods
1.2. Gravimetric Methods
1.3. Solvent Extraction Methods
1.4. Gasometric Method
2. Electro Chemical Methods
2.1. Potentiometry
2.2. Polarography
2.3. Conductometery
2.4. Radiochemical Techniques
3. Optical Methods
3.1. Refractrometery
3.2. Polarometry
3.3. Fluorimetry
4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Pharmaceutics
Computer and its Applications in Pharmacy (Theory)
PHC-503 Cr. Hrs. 3
1. Fundamentals basic concept of computers
1.1. History of Data Processing
1.2. Types of Computers
1.3. Components of a Computer
1.4. Computer System and Business Computer System
1.5. Backing Storage Devices
1.6. Unit of Memory
1.7. Viruses and Anti-viruses Issues
2. System Analysis and Design
2.1. What is a System
2.2. Steps in system life cycle
2.3. Data Gathering and Data Analysis
2.4. Designing a New System
2.5. Development and Implementation of New System
2.6. Documentation
3. Data Processing
3.1. Data Processing
3.2. The Data Processing Cycle
3.3. The Collection and Computing of data
3.4. Manual collection of data
3.5. The main methods of data input
3.6. Devices used to collect data
3.7. Data Verification
3.8. Data Validation
3.9. Output and Recording of data
3.10. Types of data processing systems
3.11. Types of Computer Operation
3.12. Batch Processing and Real-time Processing
4. Data Communication
4.1. Applications of Data Communication
4.2. Components of a data communication system
4.3. Rate of data Transmission
4.4. Computer Networks
4.5. Network Topology
4.6. Gateway
4.7. E-mail/lnternet concepts
Pharmaceutics
Dispensing Pharmacy (Theory)
PHT-505 Cr. Hrs. 3
1. Basic Principles of Compounding and Dispensing Including:
1.1. Weights and Measures,
1.2. Calculations for compounding and Dispensing.
1.3. Fundamental operations in Compounding.
1.4. Containers and closures for Dispensed Products.
1.5. Prescription-Handling: Parts of Prescription, Filling, Interpretation, Pricing.
1.6. Labeling of Dispensed Medication.
2. Extemporaneous Dispensing of:
2.1. Solutions
2.2. Suspensions
2.3. Emulsions
2.4. Creams
2.5. Ointments
2.6. Pastes and gels
2.7. Suppositories and pessaries
2.8. Powders and granules
2.9. Oral unit dosage form.
3. Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities
3.1. Types of Incompatibilities
3.2. Manifestations, Correction and Prevention with reference to typical examples
4. Classical dosage Forms
5. I.V. Admixtures
6. Radio-Pharmacy Techniques and Applications.
Pharmaceutics
Dispensing Pharmacy (Lab)
PHT-507 Cr. Hrs. 2
1. Practical introduction to prescription-handling, interpretation, filling and Labeling
2. Mixtures: Dispensing of simple mixtures containing soluble substances only, mixtures containing diffusible substances, indiffusible substances and mixtures forming precipitate.
3. Powders: Dispensing of simple powders, compound powders, and effervescent powders for external use.
4. Incompatibility: Practical Importance of Incompatibilities
5. Ointments and Creams: Dispensing of iodine and Methyl salicylate ointment. Dispensing of cold cream and vanishing creams.
6. Cosmetics: Lipstick, talcum powder, after shave lotion, shaving cream.
Pharmaceutics
Physical Pharmacy (Lab)
PHT-509 Cr. Hrs. 2
1. Experiments to demonstrate some of physico-chemical processes like simple distillation, steam, distillation, crystallization, Dialysis.
2. Determination of Emulsion systems.
3. Determination of particle size.
4. Preparation of Buffer solutions and isotonic solution.
5. Determination of %age composition of solutions by specific gravity method.
6. Partition-coefficient, surface tension, viscosity,
Pharmacognosy
General Pharmacognosy – II (Theory)
PHG-511 Cr. Hrs. 3
1. Allergens and Allergenic Preparation
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Case History
1.3. Skin Test
1.4. Treatment of Allergy
1.5. Inhalant, Ingestant, Injectant, Contactant, Infectantant and Infestant allergens.
1.6. Mechanism of Allergy
1.7. Plants Causing Allergy
2. Enzymes
2.1. Enzymes obtained from plant source- (Phytoenzymes)
2.2. Papain Bromelain and Malt Extract.
2.3. Enzymes obtained from Animal source.
2.4. Rennin pepsin, Pancreatin and Pancrealipase
3. Poisonous Plants
3.1. General introduction of poisonous plants with special reference to Pakistan
3.2. Definition of Plant Toxins and their classification.
3.3. Chemical Nature and types of toxicities caused by toxins in animals and human subjects.
3.4. Prevention of toxins and control methods
3.5. Higher Plant Toxins
3.6. Lower Plant Toxins
3.7. Mycotoxins
4. Pesticides
4.1. Introduction. Methods of controlling pests with special reference to natural methods.
Pharmacology
Systemic Pharmacology – II (Theory)
PHL-513 Cr. Hrs. 3
1. Drugs acting on Central Nervous System
1.1. CNS Depressants
1.1.1. Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics
1.1.2. Narcotic Analgesics and Opioid Antagonists
1.2. CNS Stimulants
1.2.1. Psychomotor Stimulants
1.2.2. Psychotomimetic Drugs
1.3. Psychotherapeutic Agents
1.3.1. Antidepressants
1.3.2. Neuroleptics
1.4. Drug treatment of Epilepsy
1.5. Drug treatment of Parkinsonism and other movement disorders
2. Anaesthetics
2.1. General Anaesthesia.
2.1.1. Physicochemical Theories of Anaesthesia
2.1.2. Patient Factors in Choice of Anaesthesia
2.1.3. Pre-Anaesthetic Medication
2.1.4. Induction, Maintenance, Depth and Recovery from Anaesthesia
2.1.5. Inhalational Anaesthetics
2.1.6. Intravenous Anaesthetics
2.2. Local Anaesthetics
2.2.1. Na+ and K+ Channels of Excitable Membranes.
2.2.2. Drugs affecting Na+ Channels
2.2.3. Drugs affecting K+ Channels
3. Drugs Acting On Genitourinary System
3.1. Oxytoxic drugs, Ergot alkaloids and Uterine relaxants
Pharmacology
Pharmacology (Lab)
PHL-515 Cr. Hrs. 2
Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g.
1. Preparation of standard solution:
1.1. Ringer-Locke solution.
1.2. Krebs-Henseleit solution
1.3. Tyrode solution
1.4. Normal saline solution.
2. To demonstrate the effects of sympathomimetic (Adrenaline) & sympatholytic drugs (Propranolol) on Frog’s heart.
3. To demonstrate the effects of parasympathomimetic (Acetylcholine) and parasympatholytic (Atropine) drugs on Frog’s heart.
4. To demonstrate the effects of an unknown drug on Frog’s heart.
5. Routes of Administration of drugs.
6. To demonstrate the effects of vasconstrictor drugs on Frog’s blood vessels.
7. To demonstrate the effects of stimulant drugs on Rabbit’s intestine (Acetylcholine, Barium chloride).
8. To demonstrate the effects of depressant drugs on Rabbit’s intestine (Atropine).
9. To differentiate the effects of an unknown drug on Rabbit’s intestine and identify the (unknown) drug.
10. To study the effects of Adrenaline on Rabbit's Eyes.
11. To study the effects of Homatropine on Rabbit's Eyes.
12. To study the effects of Pilocarpine on Rabbit's Eyes.
13. To study the effects of Local Anaesthetic drugs on Rabbit’ eye.
14. To identify the unknown drug & differentiate its effects on Rabbit’s eyes.
15. Statistical Analysis of experimental data using Student's t-test
Barium Chloride is used in the purification of water saturated solution in caustic chlorine plants and also in the Barium Chloride Exporters India manufacture of heat treatment salts, case hardening of steel
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